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Covid-19

P18: Efficacy of a Polyphenolic, Standardized Green Tea Extract for the Treatment of COVID-19 Syndrome: A Proof-of-Principle Study. Efficacy of a polyphenoli-enriched standardized green tea extract in the treatment of COVID-19 syndrome: A proof-of-principle study. Bettuzzi, S.; Gabba, L.; Cataldo, S. ; COVID 2021, 1, 2-12. Download here https://doi.org/10.3390/covid1010002

Before testing the effectiveness of ThE (Theaphenon E powder and capsules; successor to Polyphenon E) in COVID-19 patients, we tested the safety and tolerability of inhalation and capsule administration in two healthy volunteers (SB and his wife, GM). Both were negative for COVID-19 but were experiencing flu symptoms. The treatment was well tolerated and the flu symptoms disappeared quickly. A volunteer with COVID-19 symptoms was treated at home by the study physician SC at the beginning of the pandemic. SC was later heavily exposed to the virus when their personal protective equipment failed while treating a severely ill COVID-19 patient on the ward. She used the treatment as described here, had no adverse effects, and never became ill. We recruited 9 additional patients in the fall wave, all of whom were symptomatic and had positive nasopharyngeal swabs while awaiting hospitalization. Hospitals were overcrowded and patients with mild or moderate symptoms were treated at home; They were visited and treated there by the family doctors, including the SC. Inclusion criteria: symptomatic adults over 18 years of age with a positive nasopharyngeal swab for COVID-19. Symptoms: fever > 38 C, loss of taste and smell, and respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms. Exclusion criteria: none. Primary goal: patient recovery. Secondary objectives: Reduction of inflammatory markers and time to negative SARS-COV-2 swab. 2.2. Dosage and method of administration: 1. Nebulization of 5 ml of a 0.3% ThE solution fresh daily in phosphate buffer solution with a pH of 5.8, using a respiratory mask, twice daily for up to 15 days (total catechins : 27 mg/day; EGCG: 19 mg/day). For the composition of the ThE powder, see Appendix A.

2. Oral administration: 3 capsules/day for up to 15 days. Each capsule contained 300 mg ThE (813 mg total catechins/day and 576 mg EGCG/day). For the composition of the ThE capsules see Appendix B; This total daily dose of 595 mg was considered safe because it was "below 800 mg EGCG" as recommended by the European Food Safety Agency [38]. Given the average catechin content in brewed green tea, this total daily dose corresponded to approximately 850 mL of tea infusion [38].

Results: PTs 1, 2, 5 and 8 were embedded in familial clusters. Family members of the clusters who refused to sign the informed consent did not receive ThE treatment but only standard therapy (n = 4). For all 4, it took longer until the first negative smear (<1 Monat) und zur Genesung (zwischen 2 und 6 Monaten). Diese Personen können als interne Kontrollen für die Studie betrachtet werden. Alle 10 Patienten erholten sich vollständig innerhalb der Behandlungszeit mit einem Median von 9 Tagen und einem Bereich von 7-15 Tagen. Sieben von 10 Patienten hatten einen negativen SARS-COV-2-Abstrich im Median 9 Tage nach Beginn der ThE-Therapie mit einer Spanne von 6-13 Tagen. Nur die PT 3, 7 und 10 hatten einen einen positiven zweiten Abstrich an den Tagen 6, 5 bzw. 6, aber alle drei waren frei von Symptomen und erholten sich einige Tage später vollständig und verließen die Quarantäne am Ende der ThE-Therapie. Sie infizierten danach niemanden mehr, auch keine mit ihnen zusammenlebenden Personen. Die Ergebnisse der Laboruntersuchungen aus den Blutabnahmen sind in Tabelle 2 aufgeführt. Bei sieben Patienten sank der IL-6-Wert, bei einem blieb er unverändert, und nur bei zwei Patienten stieg er an. Zu diesen beiden Patienten gehörte PT 3: IL-6 stieg bei der Blutuntersuchung nach 9 Tagen an; die früheren Testergebnisse zeigten keine Eosinophilen und eine hohe ESR, beides Marker für Entzündungen aufgrund von COVID-19. Diese Werte hatten sich nach 9 Tagen in den Normalbereich verbessert, kommentierte S.C.: "PT 3 ist ein Rätsel. Obwohl er Abstrich-positiv war, hatte er nie Symptome. PT 3 lebt mit seinem/ihrer alten Mutter in einer kleinen Wohnung, aber sie hatte nie COVID. Bei diesem Patienten könnte es sich um einen falsch positiven Fall handeln. Auf jeden Fall sind sowohl die Eosinophilen als auch die ESR als Reaktion auf die ThE-Therapie gesunken. PT 3 ist immer noch gesund, ohne Symptome, so als hätte er die Krankheit nie gehabt." PT 7 hatte bei der ersten Laboruntersuchung einen hohen IL-6-Wert von 185 pg/ml, der bei der zweiten Laboruntersuchung nach 7 Tagen wieder in einen normalen. Das einzige andere anfängliche Labor-Ergebnis waren geringfügig niedrige Eosinophile. PT 7 wies beim zweiten Abstrich eine sehr niedrige Viruslast auf und wurde einige Tage später für frei erklärt und damit aus der Quarantäne entlassen. Zu PT 10 bemerkte S.C.: "Es gibt keine Erklärung für den hohen IL-6-Wert von PT 10 an Tag 7 (T1) oder den positiven Abstrich an Tag 6. Zu diesem Zeitpunkt hatte PT 10 bereits keine Symptome mehr und hat sich nach Verlassen der Quarantäne vollständig erholt." Der IL-6-Wert war bei den Bluttests am aufschlussreichsten. Sieben von 10 Patienten hatten einen IL-6 Wert von mehr als 10 pg/ml und 3/10 hatten einen Wert von mehr als 100 pg/ml. Die vier ältesten (PT 1, 2, 7, und 9) hatten hohe IL-6-Werte von 26, 55, 185 bzw. 124 pg/ml. Eine statistische Analyse der Patienten mit einem Alter von > 52 years (n = 5; PT 1, 2, 4, 7 and 9), who were at high risk with high IL-6 levels, showed that IL-6 decreased significantly after treatment (t-test, p < 0.03). These high levels would normally indicate that these patients were developing SARS, which is why their rapid recovery was all the more surprising. There are many published studies on IL-6 as a prognosticator of death or severe disease in COVID 19 patients. Levels above 100 pg/ml have a high relative risk or odds ratio for severe, critical illness or death.

5. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report of the effectiveness of green tea catechins against COVID-19 syndrome in a real clinical setting. The major limitation of our study was the small number of patients; Nevertheless, the very high rate of positive reactions we have observed may open new perspectives in the fight against COVID-19 syndrome.

E16 Effect of a Nutritional Support System to Increase Survival and Reduce Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 in Stage III and Comorbidities: A Blinded Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Effect of a Nutritional Supplement System to Increase Survival and Reduce Mortality in Patients With Stage III COVID-19 and Comorbidities: A Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial.

Leal, Fernando and Garcia, Alejandra and Abarca, Lorena del Carmen and Gonzalez, Dinnaru and Cruz, Georgina and Montell, Marco and Ibarra, Antonio, Hier herunterladen

The Lancet preprint Available at: SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3949424 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3949424

Summary: The development of COVID-19 depends on immunological performance. The global hospital mortality rate is 15-20% worldwide, but in Mexico it is 46%. There are several therapeutic protocols, but holistic nutrition is not taken into account. In this study, a nutritional support system (NSS) was used to extend survival and reduce mortality in patients with stage III COVID-19. A randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial was conducted. Eighty patients (aged 30 to 75 years, both sexes) were assigned to 1) "control group" (CG) hospital diet and medical treatment or 2) "intervention group" (IG) hospital diet, medical treatment and the NSS (vitamins, minerals, fiber, Omega-3, amino acids, B complex and probiotics). IG significantly increased survival and reduced mortality compared to CG (p=0.027). IG reduced transition to mechanical ventilatory support (MVA) by 10%, shortened intubation duration by 15 days, and increased survival in intubated patients by 38% compared to CG. IG showed the following improvements compared to CG: reduction in supplemental oxygen delivery (p=0-014), the qSOFA test (p=0-040), constipation (p=0-014), the PHQ-9 test ( p=0-003) and in the follow-up examination the saturation with oxygen (p=0-030). NSS increases survival and reduces mortality in patients with stage III COVID-19.

NSS (vitamins, minerals, fiber, omega-3, amino acids, B complex and probiotics). IG significantly increased survival and reduced mortality compared to CG (p=0·027). Mortality 2.5% instead of 17.5%. Reduction of 15% absolute = 86% relative! The IG received the NSS, which consists of the following components:

1) B complex: 10 mg cyanocobalamin, 100 mg thiamine and 100 mg pyridoxine administered intramuscularly every 24 hours during the first 5 days.

 2) NSS-Pulver: ein Umschlag oral nach den Morgen- und ein weiterer nach den Abendmahlzeiten, jeweils in 400 ml Wasser verdünnt, während der gesamten Intervention für maximal 21 Tage. Jeder Umschlag enthielt: Spirulina Maxima 2,5 g, Folsäure 5 mg, Glutamin 5 g, pflanzliches Eiweiß 10 g, Ascorbinsäure 1 g, Zink 20 mg, Selen 100 mcg, Cholecalciferol 2000 IU, Resveratrol 200 mg, Omega-3-Fettsäuren 1 g, L-Arginin 750 mg und Magnesium 400 mg.

 3) Probiotika: Saccharomyces Boulardii (SB) 50 Millionen KBE täglich für 6 Tage oral.

Die absolute Sterbequote betrug damit 2,5% (Nahrungsergänzung) gegenüber 17,5% in der Placebo-Gruppe, was einer relativen Wirksamkeit der Intervention von 86% entspricht.

Eucalyptus:

P4: Early Viral Clearance among Covid-19Patients When Gargling with Povidone-Iodine and Essential Oils – A Clinical Trial. Early elimination of viruses in Covid-19 patients when gargling with povidone-iodine and essential oils - a clinical study. Nurul Azmawati Mohamed et al. medRxiv preprint https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.07.20180448

Green tea & black tea:

P9: Therapeutic Potential of EGCG, a Green Tea Polyphenol, for Treatment of Coronavirus Diseases

Therapeutic potential of EGCG, a green tea polyphenol, for the treatment of coronavirus diseases

Park, Junsoo; Park, Rackhyun; Jang, Minsu; Park, Yea-In (2021): (Life, 11).              DOI: 10.3390/life11030197

P10: Epigallocatechin Gallate from Green Tea Effectively Blocks Infection of SARS-CoV-2 and New Variants by Inhibiting Spike Binding to ACE2 Receptor. Green tea epigallocatechin gallate effectively blocks infection of SARS-CoV-2 and new variants by inhibiting spike binding to the ACE2 receptor.

Liu, Jinbiao; Bodnar, Brittany H.; Meng, Fengzhen; Khan, Adil; Wang, Xu; Luo, Guangxiang et al. (2021):

In: bioRxiv, 2021.03.17.435637. DOI: 10.1101/2021.03.17.435637.

P11: COVID -19: could green tea catechins reduce the risks? COVID-19: Can green tea catechins reduce the risks?

Storozhuk, M.: doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.23.20218479 https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.23.20218479v3

P12: A Review of the Antiviral Role of Green Tea Catechins An overview of the antiviral role of green tea catechins

Jun Xu,* Zhao Xu, and Wenming Zheng; Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 3(13), pp. 1189-1195, December, 2009 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR ISSN 1996-0875© 2009 Academic Journals; Molecules. 2017 Aug; 22(8): 1337.

Published online 2017 Aug 12. doi: 10.3390/molecules22081337; PMCID: PMC6152177        PMID: 28805687

P14: Review: Tea catechins as a potential alternative anti-infectious agent   Übersicht: Tee-Katechine als potenzielles alternatives Antiinfektivum   Jae Min Song and Baik Lin Seong   10.1586/14787210.5.3.497   www.future-drugs.com     Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther. 5(3), 497–506 (2007)

P16: Antiviral activity of green tea and black tea polyphenols in prophylaxis and treatment of COVID-19: A review 

Antiviral activity of green tea and black tea polyphenols for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19: A review

Susmit Mhatre, Tishya Srivastava, Shivraj Naik, Vandana Patravale:    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153286

P17: Review Tea catechins as a potential alternative anti-infectious agent   Übersicht Tee-Katechine als potenzielles alternatives Antiinfektionsmittel   Jae Min Song and Baik Lin Seong  10.1586/14787210.5.3.497   www.future-drugs.com     Expert Rev. Anti Infect. Ther. 5(3), 497–506 (2007)

Pomegranate:

Tito, Annalisa; Colantuono, Antonio; Pirone, Luciano; Pedone, Emilia; Intartaglia, Daniela; Giamundo, Giuliana; Conte, Ivan; Vitaglione, Paola; Apone, Fabio:

P19: Pomegranate Peel Extract as an Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Binding to Human ACE2 Receptor (in vitro): A Promising Source of Novel Antiviral Drugs

Front. Chem., 28 April 2021 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.638187; https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fchem.2021.638187